2018年英语中考总结复习专题：被动语态
【被动语态】
在英语中，动词主要有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。当主语为动作的实行者时，谓语动词用主动语态；当主语为动作的承受者时，谓语动词用被动语态。
当大家不了解或者没必要说出哪个是动作的实行者，或者仅需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。如：Smoking isn’t allowed in the gas station.汽车加油站里面不允许抽烟。
Your work must be finished today.你们的工作需要今天完成。
容易见到时态（含情态动词）的被动语态
被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be有人称、时态和数的变化。容易见到时态（含情态动词）的被动语态的构成如下：
时态 | 被动结构 | 例句 |
一般 目前时 | am/is/are+过去分词 | The classroom is cleaned every day.这间教室天天都打扫。 |
一般 过去时 | was/were+过去分词 | Our school was built in 1998.大家的学校是1998年建造的。 |
一般 以后时 | will be+过去分词 | The sports meeting will be held tomorrow.运动会将于明天举行。 |
目前 完成时 | have/has been+过去分词 | The bank has been built.银行已经建成了。 |
含情态 动词情态动词 | +be+过去分词 | The bike can’t be put here.这辆自行车不可以被放在这里。 |
【考试知识点练习1】
1.Today Chinese ____________ in many schools around the world.
2.Some famous paintings ______________ in the hall next week.
3.A new school ____________ in my hometown last year.
4.—How often do I need to feed the dog?
—It ___ food every day,or it will be hungry. （ ）
A.may give
B.may be given
C.must give
D.must be given
答案：is taught will be shown was set up D
【被动语态的特殊结构】
类型 | 构成 | 例句 | |||
感官动词 和使役动词 的被动语态 | 感官动词see/hear/watch/feel等和使役动词make/let/have等后跟省略to的动词不定式作宾补，变为被动语态时，省略的to要加上。 | We heard her sing in the room.→She was heard to sing in the room.大家听见她在房间里唱歌。 | |||
动词短语的 被动语态
| 短语是“动词+介词/副词”时，变被动语态时介词、副词不可以丢。 | We should speak to the old politely.→The old should be spoken to politely by us.大家应该有礼貌地和老人说话。 | |||
主动 表被动 | feel,look,sound,smell,taste等系动词。 | The dishes taste so delicious.这类菜尝起来非常可口。 | |||
open,lock,write,read,sell,clean,wash,cut,drive等词作不及物动词时。 | This kind of pen writes very smoothly.这种钢笔写起来非常流畅。 | ||||
表示“发生、进行”等的不及物动词及短语。 | The water has run out.水已经用完了。 | ||||
When did the book come out?这本书什么时间出版的？作“需要”讲的need,want,require后的动名词用主动形式表被动意义。 | The problem requires studying with great care.这个问题需要仔细研究。 | ||||
【考试知识点练习2】
1.Tea plants are ______ and ______ to make tea.
2.Kang Jian found it interesting that so many products in the local shops ___________ in China.
3.The music ___ the Moonlight Sonata. （ ）
A.sounds like B.is heard
C.is sounded like D.is listening
4.An accident ___ on the road last night. （ ）
A.has happened
B.was happened
C.Happened
D.was happening
答案：grown used were made A C
【被动语态的固定搭配、句型】
be made of,be made from,be made in与be made by
2.be used for,be used as与be used to do
3.It is said/believed/reported/known that...
【中考示例】
I think all the heavy and difficult jobs _____ by machines and robots in the future.
A.Do
B.will do
C.are done
D.will be done
【分析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：我觉得将来所有些重活、困难程度大的工作都将由机器和机器人来完成。依据时间状语in the future可知，此处应用一般以后时；主语jobs和谓语动词do之间是被动关系，结合介词by可知此处应用一般以后时的被动语态。
【考试试题热身】
1.English ____________（speak) all over the world.
2.The old car _____________（produce) in Germany in the 1960s.
3.Teenagers should _________________（encourage) to solve their problems by themselves.
4.The 24th Winter Olympic Games ____ in Beijing and Zhangjiakou in 2022,from February 4th to 20th. （ ）
A.is going to hold B.hold
C.will be held D.was held
5.This picture _____ by my cousin last year. （ ）
A.draws B.drew
C.is drawn D.was drawn
6.It is reported that about 120 foreign soccer experts ____ to teach soccer school students. （ ）
A.invite B.invited
C.to be invited D.will be invited
7.—Your bedroom is so clean.
—Of course.It every day. （ ）
A.cleans B.cleaned
C.is cleaned D.was cleaned
8.—Why hasn’t Tony come?
—The invitation letter ____ to Toby by accident.
（ ）
A.was emailed B.has emailed
C.is emailed D.emailed
9.The museum ___ next month to celebrate the Science font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">A.is decorated B.will decorate
C.is decorating D.will be decorated
10.Hangzhou ____ as the City of Silk.Tourists like shopping for silk there. （ ）
A.Knows
B.is known
C.was known
D.will be known
答案：is spoken was produced be encouraged C D D C A D B
